[PHP][Java][C#] 用 XSD 驗證 XML

menu_config.xml 要驗證的 XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu_config>
    <menu title="文章管理" url="~/Article" target="" allow="">
        <submenu title="列表" url="~/Article/list" target="" allow=""/>
        <submenu/>
        <submenu title="新增" url="~/Article/add" target="" allow=""/>
    </menu>
    <menu/>
    <menu title="帳號管理" url="~/Admin"/>
</menu_config>

menu_config.xsd 結構定義

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <xs:element name="menu_config">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="menu" type="menuType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>

    <xs:complexType name="menuType">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="submenu" type="menuType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="title" type="xs:string"/>
        <xs:attribute name="url" type="xs:string"/>
        <xs:attribute name="target" type="xs:string"/>
        <xs:attribute name="allow" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:complexType>

</xs:schema>

element minOccurs

最少的出現次數，不設置為至少出現 1 次，設置 0 為可有可無。

element maxOccurs

最大的出現次數，設置 unbounded 為無上限。

attribute type

型別必須為 QName，常用的有 xs:string, xs:date, xs:int, xs:integer, xs:decimal, xs:boolean, xs:double, xs:float。

PHP

$xmlFile = 'menu_config.xml';
$xsdFile = 'menu_config.xsd';

/* 啟用自行錯誤處裡 */
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);

$xml = new DOMDocument();
$xml->load($xmlFile);

if (!$xml->schemaValidate($xsdFile)) {
    /* 顯示錯誤訊息 */
    print_r(libxml_get_errors());
    libxml_clear_errors();
}

C#

var menuConfig = XDocument.Load("menu_config.xml");
schemas.Add("", XmlReader.Create("menu_config.xsd"));

menuConfig.Validate(schemas, (o, e) => {
    e.Message.Dump();
});

Java

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;


public class TestXsd {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File xsd = new File("menu_config.xsd");
        File xml = new File("menu_config.xml");

        try {
            SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(
                XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI
            );
            Schema schema = factory.newSchema(xsd);
            Validator validator = schema.newValidator();

            validator.validate(new StreamSource(xml));
            System.out.println("xml is valid");
        }
        catch (SAXException|IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Reason: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
        }
    }
}

參考資料：
XML 結構描述項目 - MSDN
XML Schema Tutorial W3Schools