[PHP][Java][C#] 用 XSD 驗證 XML

menu_config.xml 要驗證的 XML

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
2. <menu_config> 
3.    <menu title="文章管理" url="~/Article" target="" allow=""> 
4.        <submenu title="列表" url="~/Article/list" target="" allow=""/> 
5.        <submenu/> 
6.        <submenu title="新增" url="~/Article/add" target="" allow=""/> 
7.    </menu> 
8.    <menu/> 
9.    <menu title="帳號管理" url="~/Admin"/> 
10. </menu_config> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu_config>
    <menu title="文章管理" url="~/Article" target="" allow="">
        <submenu title="列表" url="~/Article/list" target="" allow=""/>
        <submenu/>
        <submenu title="新增" url="~/Article/add" target="" allow=""/>
    </menu>
    <menu/>
    <menu title="帳號管理" url="~/Admin"/>
</menu_config>

menu_config.xsd 結構定義

1. <?xml version="1.0"?> 
2. <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified"> 
3.  
4.    <xs:element name="menu_config"> 
5.        <xs:complexType> 
6.            <xs:sequence> 
7.                <xs:element name="menu" type="menuType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> 
8.            </xs:sequence> 
9.        </xs:complexType> 
10.    </xs:element> 
11.  
12.    <xs:complexType name="menuType"> 
13.        <xs:sequence> 
14.            <xs:element name="submenu" type="menuType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> 
15.        </xs:sequence> 
16.        <xs:attribute name="title" type="xs:string"/> 
17.        <xs:attribute name="url" type="xs:string"/> 
18.        <xs:attribute name="target" type="xs:string"/> 
19.        <xs:attribute name="allow" type="xs:string"/> 
20.    </xs:complexType> 
21.  
22. </xs:schema> 

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <xs:element name="menu_config">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="menu" type="menuType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>

    <xs:complexType name="menuType">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="submenu" type="menuType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" />
        </xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute name="title" type="xs:string"/>
        <xs:attribute name="url" type="xs:string"/>
        <xs:attribute name="target" type="xs:string"/>
        <xs:attribute name="allow" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:complexType>

</xs:schema>

element minOccurs

最少的出現次數，不設置為至少出現 1 次，設置 0 為可有可無。

element maxOccurs

最大的出現次數，設置 unbounded 為無上限。

attribute type

型別必須為 QName，常用的有 xs:string, xs:date, xs:int, xs:integer, xs:decimal, xs:boolean, xs:double, xs:float。

PHP

1. $xmlFile = 'menu_config.xml'; 
2. $xsdFile = 'menu_config.xsd'; 
3.  
4. /* 啟用自行錯誤處裡 */ 
5. libxml_use_internal_errors(true); 
6.  
7. $xml = new DOMDocument(); 
8. $xml->load($xmlFile); 
9.  
10. if (!$xml->schemaValidate($xsdFile)) { 
11.    /* 顯示錯誤訊息 */ 
12.    print_r(libxml_get_errors()); 
13.    libxml_clear_errors(); 
14. } 

$xmlFile = 'menu_config.xml';
$xsdFile = 'menu_config.xsd';

/* 啟用自行錯誤處裡 */
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);

$xml = new DOMDocument();
$xml->load($xmlFile);

if (!$xml->schemaValidate($xsdFile)) {
    /* 顯示錯誤訊息 */
    print_r(libxml_get_errors());
    libxml_clear_errors();
}

C#

1. var menuConfig = XDocument.Load("menu_config.xml"); 
2. schemas.Add("", XmlReader.Create("menu_config.xsd")); 
3.  
4. menuConfig.Validate(schemas, (o, e) => { 
5.    e.Message.Dump(); 
6. }); 

var menuConfig = XDocument.Load("menu_config.xml");
schemas.Add("", XmlReader.Create("menu_config.xsd"));

menuConfig.Validate(schemas, (o, e) => {
    e.Message.Dump();
});

Java

1. import java.io.File; 
2. import java.io.IOException; 
3.  
4. import javax.xml.XMLConstants; 
5. import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource; 
6. import javax.xml.validation.Schema; 
7. import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory; 
8. import javax.xml.validation.Validator; 
9.  
10. import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
11.  
12.  
13. public class TestXsd { 
14.  
15.    public static void main(String[] args) { 
16.        File xsd = new File("menu_config.xsd"); 
17.        File xml = new File("menu_config.xml"); 
18.  
19.        try { 
20.            SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance( 
21.                XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI 
22.            ); 
23.            Schema schema = factory.newSchema(xsd); 
24.            Validator validator = schema.newValidator(); 
25.  
26.            validator.validate(new StreamSource(xml)); 
27.            System.out.println("xml is valid"); 
28.        } 
29.        catch (SAXException|IOException e) { 
30.            System.out.println("Reason: " + e.getLocalizedMessage()); 
31.        } 
32.    } 
33. } 

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;


public class TestXsd {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File xsd = new File("menu_config.xsd");
        File xml = new File("menu_config.xml");

        try {
            SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(
                XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI
            );
            Schema schema = factory.newSchema(xsd);
            Validator validator = schema.newValidator();

            validator.validate(new StreamSource(xml));
            System.out.println("xml is valid");
        }
        catch (SAXException|IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Reason: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
        }
    }
}

參考資料：
XML 結構描述項目 - MSDN
XML Schema Tutorial W3Schools